To ensure a mare’s uterus is healthy and free of infection a swab of the internal uterine lining is done. A sample is used for checking the cells present on the surface (cytology examination) and another is submitted for culture of any microorganisms that may be present (bacteria and fungus). A uterine biopsy is when a small fragment of the internal lining of the uterus is removed by use of a uterine biopsy forceps and submitted for evaluation. This can reveal if the mare has scaring of the uterus, has glandular abnormalities, some congenital disorders and many other problems that may affect the mare’s fertility and ability to carry a foal to term. This is typically done when a mare is older or has a history of dificulty in becoming pregnant or carrying the foal to term.

These different tests are preferably performed when the mare is in heat and all clients intending to breed their mares should have these performed prior to breeding (at least a cytology and culture) so that appropriate measures can be taken during the breeding process to increase success rates.

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